The eluted material was monitored at 280 nm. The resulting fractions (ES I and ES II) were www.selleckchem.com/products/ulixertinib-bvd-523-vrt752271.html assayed for hemorrhagic activity, and fraction ES I was found to induce hemorrhage. The homogeneity of the purified metalloproteinase was evaluated by reverse-phase chromatography using a C-18 ODS column (25 cm × 46 mm – Shimadzu, Japan) which was previously equilibrated with 0.1% TFA (solvent A) and them submitted to a linear gradient of acetonitrile 70% (solvent B) from 0 to 100% over 75 min. The eluted material was monitored at 280 nm. Protein quantification was performed using the microbiuret method, according to Itzhaki and Gill (1964). A calibration curve was determined

using different concentrations of bovine serum albumin (from 0.1 to 2.0 mg/mL). The protein contents of crude B. atrox and each chromatographic fraction were assessed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

in CB-839 solubility dmso the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS-PAGE) using a 13.5% gel containing Tris–glycine pH 8.3 and 0.01% SDS, some samples being treated with ß-mercaptoethanol ( Laemmli, 1970). After the electrophoretic procedure, the gel was stained with 0.2% Coomassie Brilliant Blue G 250. The molecular mass standards (GE Life Sciences, USA) consisted of the following: phosphorylase b (97 kDa), bovine serum albumin (66 kDa), ovoalbumin (45 kDa), carbonic anhydrase (30 kDa), trypsin inhibitor (21.1 kDa) and α-lactoalbumin (14.4 kDa). The isoelectric Baricitinib focusing of the purified metalloproteinase was performed according to Vesterberg (1972). Ampholytes with pH values ranging from 3.5 to 10.0 (GE Life Sciences, USA) were used to form the pH gradient on the gel. The molecular weight of Batroxase was determined by mass spectrometry analysis on an Axima Performance MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer (Shimadzu, Japan) in linear mode. The sample was diluted in 100 μL of water and added to the matrix (alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic

acid) at a proportion of 1:3. The hemorrhagic activity was assessed according to Nikai et al. (1984). Samples containing 2.5, 5.0, 10, 25 and 50 μg of Batroxase in 50 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were injected intradermally into the dorsal skin of mice. Three hours after the injection, the animals were sacrificed in a CO2 chamber, and the dorsal skin was removed. The MHD was defined as the protein dose that produced hemorrhages with a mean diameter of 10 mm, as calculated using the perpendicular major diameters of the hemorrhagic spot. Groups of 5 animals were tested, and control group animals were injected with PBS only. All chromatographic fractions were assayed for hemorrhagic activity. The thrombolytic activity of different concentrations of Batroxase (25, 50 and 100 μg/500 μL of PBS) was evaluated by incubation for 24 h at 37 °C with clots induced “in vitro” in 500 μL of human whole blood using 24-well plates (Gremski et al., 2007). The control group consisted of 500 μL of whole blood incubated with 500 μL of PBS.