The antenna pattern was investigated using a Uscan explorer with 3D profilometer system (D46047, Nanofocus, Oberhausen, Germany). Results and discussion Formula mechanism Compared with nanosilver conductive ink, the synthesized silver Cisplatin ic50 organic ink is transparent

and clear without any visible particles. During the preparation process, this kind of conductive ink was mainly composed of a silver carrier, weak reduction agent, solvent, and additives. At the room temperature, it was very stable and can be kept for at least 1 month. Once it was heated, the complex chemical reaction occurred between the Acalabrutinib in vivo various components. Generally speaking, the sintering process can be divided into four stages: firstly, from simple silver ion to silver ion complex, then to silver oxide,

and finally to elemental silver. Meanwhile, the color also changes from colorless to faint yellowish brown, to black, and to metallic luster. The details can be seen from Figure  1 directly. Figure 1 Scheme of chemical reaction mechanism of OSC ink. R0, R1, and R2 are carbon chains. In this formula, silver acetate was chosen as silver carrier, which can control the reaction rate effectively by adjusting the concentration of the silver ion in the mixing https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lazertinib-yh25448-gns-1480.html solvent because of its worse solubility. Ethanolamine was used to increase the silver content of the conductive ink to guarantee the conductivity and further to decrease the sintering temperature. Different Diflunisal aldehyde-based materials were chosen as weaker reduction agents, which have been discussed in detail as shown in Figure  2. Generally speaking, such materials can be divided into two types: one for itself with the aldehyde group, such as acetaldehyde, formic acid, dimethylformamide, and glucose; another for itself without the aldehyde group,

but after heating, the aldehyde group can appear, such as ethylene glycol which can change to acetaldehyde at a high temperature and glycolic acid which can be decomposed into formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, and water at 100°C. The results show that reduction agent plays an important role on the properties of the conductive ink. Usually, a stronger reduction agent will bring in the instability of the ink, leading to the precipitation of silver particles and lower conductivity. Conversely, a weak reduction agent will result in a higher sintering temperature. It can be inferred that a suitable reduction agent is very important to get lower resistivity. From Figure  2, at the sintering temperature of 120°C for 1 h, the resisitivity of the silver thin film with different formulas should be very stable. It can be seen that formic acid and dimethylformamide show lower resistivity of about 6 to 8 μΩ·cm and 7 to 9 μΩ·cm, respectively.