“
“BRAF mutation is probably the only molecular marker acting as a risk factor that is available before surgery: for this reason, soon after it became quite widespread, it seemed an important tool as a guide towards

an individualized surgical therapy in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Capsule invasion, multifocality, and lymph node involvement are the most important parameters influencing the choice of surgical strategy in front of small papillary cancers and, in more detail, of micro papillary carcinomas. The relationship between these parameters and the BRAF mutation are closely examined through the more recent literature. Capsular invasion seems to show the strongest correlation selleck with the mutation and this has important correlations, thus suggesting that a more aggressive local surgery might be advisable, whereas the correlation between the mutation and lymph node involvement would be weaker, at least according to the most recent studies.

The personalization of surgical therapy, today, seems easier to achieve thanks to molecular testing. In particular, an important result could be in the short term reduction in the number of completion thyroidectomies following simple lobectomies. Also, post operative radioactivated iodine therapies should be more carefully evaluated and tailored according to BRAF status. A possible flow chart for the decision of the therapeutic approach is proposed

in accordance to the results of the literature.”
“Background. The relation between low 4EGI-1 in vivo levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and nonspecific musculoskeletal pain, including

fibromyalgia syndrome, is debatable. Many studies have reported a positive relation and others found no relation.

Objectives. To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among patients with fibromyalgia in a neurology clinic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Methods. This study was done at a neurology clinic of Bugshan Hospital, Jeddah, KSA, from January to April 2011. Thirty female patients were diagnosed with fibromyalgia according to new clinical fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria; their serum vitamin D levels were screened. Vitamin D deficiency is defined as <20 ng/mL, vitamin D insufficiency is defined as 21-29 ng/mL, and vitamin D sufficiency is equal to or >30 ng/mL.

Result. GSK461364 Thirty female patients were included in the study. The mean age was 34.56 +/- 8.1 years. Mean vitamin D level was 4.76 +/- 1.46 ng/mL. A significant negative correlation between vitamin D level and widespread pain index was found.

Thirty percent of the patients were Saudi Arabian of whom 100% were veiled; 70% were non-Saudi Arabian of whom 47.6% were veiled and 52.4% wore long pants and/or full sleeved clothes. Vitamin D deficiency was equally prevalent among veiled (4.77 +/- 1.37 ng/mL) and nonveiled (4.75 +/- 1.68 ng/mL). Treatment with high-dose vitamin D resulted in clinical improvement in all patients.

Conclusion.