003), while adolescents sustained more assault-related injuries (13.3% versus 2.5%, p = 0.010) and motorcycle accidents (22.1% versus 8.9%, p = 0.015) compared to children. Children suffered mandibular fractures proportionally higher than adolescents (93.1% versus 64.5%, p < 0.001). Adolescents sustained mid-facial fractures more frequently than children (35.5%
versus 6.9%, p < 0.001). Severe facial fractures occurred more in adolescents compared to children (35.4% versus 14.1%, p = 0.001). Open reduction was done more in adolescents than in children (92.3% versus 74.6%, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: The incidence and pattern of maxillofacial fractures in children were remarkably different from that in adolescents. Preventive measures and treatment plan should be designed with differences between the two groups in mind. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Givinostat Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Total flavonoid contents in the inflorescences of different varieties of Calendula officinalis L. were investigated. The commercial seeds (20 samples) of varieties of C. officinalis originating from eight European countries were cultivated in home gardens in two different counties of Estonia. Total flavonoid contents, determined spectrophotometrically ( = 370 nm), Z-VAD-FMK research buy varied from each
other by more than three times (0.21-0.68%) in the investigated varieties. The variety with the highest flavonoid content was ‘Kablouna’, produced by the Finnish company Siemen (0.68%). Other varieties with high flavonoid content, such as ‘Touch of Red’ produced by the Latvian company Kurzemes Seklas Talazoparib (0.55%), ‘Golden Emperor’ produced by the Finnish company Suvipiha (0.50%), ‘Pomyk’ from Poland (0.50%), etc., may also be preferred for cultivation as natural sources, as they are also rich in flavonoids. The amount of total flavonoids depends on the variety and/or the place and time of cultivation. There appeared to be no conclusive relationship between
the total flavonoid content and the colour of ligulate and tubular florets of C. officinalis.”
“Objective: Robin sequence (RS) is associated with airway abnormalities that result in functional problems of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), feeding difficulties, and consequent poor growth. We evaluated the relationships between OSA severity, airway and feeding interventions, and weight at 12 months in infants with RS and OSA.
Methods: Retrospective notes review of children with RS managed at our neonatal unit (1998-2010, inclusive).
Results: Of 39 infants studied, 10 (25.6%) had mild/moderate OSA, and 29 (74.4%) severe. Infants with severe OSA required more airway interventions in hospital (82.8 vs 30.0%, p = 0.004) and at discharge (72.4 vs 20.0%, p = 0.007) than those with mild/moderate OSA; 30.0% of infants with mild/moderate OSA required continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during admission and 20.0% on discharge, but amongst those with severe OSA 82.