(C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Consumption of wild growing mushrooms has been preferred to eating of cultivated fungi in many countries of central and Eastern Europe. Nevertheless, the knowledge of the nutritional value of wild growing mushrooms is limited. The present study reports the effects of trophism on mushrooms nutritional and nutraceutical potential. In vitro antioxidant properties of five

saprotrophic (Calvatia utriformis, Clitopilus prunulus, Lycoperdon echinatum, Lyophyllum decastes, and Macrolepiota excoriata) and five mycorrhizal (Boletus erythropus, Boletus fragrans, Hygrophorus pustulatus, Russula cyanoxantha, and Russula olivacea) wild edible mushrooms were accessed and compared to individual compounds identified by chromatographic techniques. Mycorrhizal species revealed higher sugars concentration DMXAA solubility dmso (16-42 g/100 g dw) MDV3100 supplier than the saprotrophic mushrooms (0.4-15 g/100 g). Furthermore, fructose was

found only in mycorrhizal species (0.2-2 g/100 g). The saprotrophic L decastes, and the mycorrhizal species B. erythropus and B. fragrans gave the highest antioxidant potential, mainly due to the contribution of polar antioxidants such as phenolics and sugars. The bioactive compounds found in wild mushrooms give scientific evidence to traditional edible and medicinal uses of these species. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Small cell lung cancer with interstitial lung disease (ILD-SCLC) is difficult to treat because of the risk of fatal pneumonitis. Our study aims to evaluate the validity of topotecan (TOP)

as chemotherapy for patients with relapsed ILD-SCLC. Overall survival was compared between TOP and other drugs as second-line treatments for MD-SCLC patients. Forty-seven patients began chemotherapy and second-line Nutlin-3 nmr treatment was administered in 48.5% of relapsed cases. The response rate of TOP for second-line therapy was 16.7%. Hematologic toxicities were grade 4 anemia, grade 3 neutropenia and grade 3 thrombocytopenia. Mild pulmonary toxicity was observed in 1 case. Patients receiving TOP as second-line treatment showed no significant difference in survival when compared to patients who underwent other regimens (median survival time 179 vs. 76 days; P=0.76). TOP is a well tolerated drug and is a viable candidate for second-line treatment of ILD-SCLC patients.”
“The Vif protein of HIV is essential for the effective propagation of this pathogenic retrovirus in vivo. Vif acts by preventing virion encapsidation of two potent antiviral factors, the APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F cytidine deaminases. Decreased encapsidation in part involves Vif-mediated recruitment of a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex that promotes polyubiquitylation and proteasome-mediated degradation of APOBEC3G/F. The resultant decline in intracellular levels of these enzymes leads to decreased encapsidation of APOBECG/F into budding virions.