001). It could be argued that patients undergoing ablation alone had a poorer performance status and hence were not offered resection and had a lower survival rate because of medical co-morbidities. It was observed that patients undergoing an ablation alone had significantly higher overall and liver specific recurrence rates. This is likely a

reflection of the type of Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical surgical technique and its impact on tumor eradication, suggesting that resection remains superior to ablation. In this regard, our data suggests that isolated resection, whenever possible, is the preferred treatment option in patients with low tumor number. Previous studies comparing resection and ablation in patients with low volume CLM have shown similar results (3,20,21,23). Aloia and colleagues (20) evaluated the outcomes Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of 180 patients with a OSI-906 datasheet solitary CLM who underwent treatment at the M.D Anderson Cancer Center; of these, 150 patients were treated with isolated resection and 30 patients with isolated ablation. The authors demonstrated that both 5-year disease-free survival (50% vs. 0%) and overall survival (71% vs. 27%) were higher in patients treated with isolated resection. This remained true even when only patients with small lesion size (≤3 cm) were included in the analysis (P<0.001). The authors concluded Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical that every method should be employed to achieve

resection of solitary CLM, including referral to a specialty center, extended hepatectomy, and chemotherapy. A 423-patient Italian multicenter trial also demonstrated poor results in patients undergoing isolated Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical RFA (30). Inclusion criteria were ≤4 lesions and a maximum tumor diameter of 5 cm. Despite these restrictive criteria, the overall 5-year survival was only 24%. Moreover, 5-year survival was only 11% in patients with multiple tumors and 13% in patients with solitary lesions greater than 2.5 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical cm in diameter. These data are comparable to the 5-year survival reported in our isolated ablation cohort. Others have

suggested ablation is rarely necessary in the management of CRCLM. Kornprat Farnesyltransferase and colleagues (22), from the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center argued that of the 669 patients who underwent treatment, only 39 patients (5.9%) underwent concomitant treatment with RFA or cryoablation. The authors advocated resection as the primary treatment option and ablation as an adjunct in patients with tumors that would be otherwise unresectable. Whilst the majority of studies have demonstrated that HR achieves significantly better outcomes than ablation, other studies have shown comparable outcomes between the two. Oshowo and colleagues (25), reported a comparative analysis of patients with solitary CLM treated by HR or RFA. The study demonstrated a similar 3-year survival rates in the two groups (55% for HR and 53% for RFA) although no long-term survivors were documented in the RFA group.