2008). All isolated compounds were tested for their antifungal, antibacterial, and algicidal properties toward Microbotryum violaceum, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium, CB-839 solubility dmso and Chlorella fusca. Interestingly, all compounds showed antifungal, antibacterial,

and algicidal properties. Compounds 124–126 showed strong antibacterial activity. In particular, the antibacterial activity of 124 against the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli (12 mm) and of 126 against E. coli (12 mm) and B. megaterium (12 mm) was comparable to that of the positive controls penicillin (14 mm) and tetracycline (18 mm) (Qin et al. 2011). Three novel compounds with spiro-5, 6-lactone ring skeleton, including massarigenin D (127), spiromassaritone (128) and paecilospirone (129), were found in the fermentation broth of Massrison sp. The fungus was isolated from roots of Rehmannia glutinosa (Phrymaceae) collected from Wushe County, Henan Province, China. The structures

were established by a variety of one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments as well as by mass spectrometry. Compounds 127–129 were tested in vitro for their antifungal activity toward Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichophyton rubrum and Aspergillus fumigatus. 127–129 showed antifungal activity against all pathogens tested with MIC values ranging from 1.1 to 142.8 μM. Antifungal activities CP-690550 supplier of spiromassaritone (128) and paecilospirone (129) were comparable with those of griseofulvin and ketoconazole, whereas spiromassaritone (128) exhibited stronger activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans than griseofulvin (Sun et al. 2011). Compounds with a rare spiro-5,6-lactone ring skeleton have previously been reported to be antibiotically active against murine leukemia and to extend the life time of infected mice (Nakayama Methane monooxygenase et al. 1992).

Antimicrobially guided isolation of an extract of Chaetomium globosum, isolated from Cynodon dactylon (Poaceae), yielded four new secondary metabolites, chaetoglocins A–D (130–133). When tested against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis CICC10285, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC19615, Mirococcus luteus CMCC(B) 28001, Mycobacterium smegmatis CGMCC1.562, and against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC35218 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa CICC10351, only compounds 130 and 131 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 35.4 to 141.6 and from 70.8 to 141.6 μM, respectively (Ge et al. 2011).