4 It is clear that EOC is a heterogeneous disease, and a platinum/taxane combination is not the optimal chemotherapy regimen for all patients. Efforts have been taken to improve toxicities, response rates, and survival through the use of alternate chemotherapies, the use of different treatment schedules,

or the incorporation of biologic agents, with encouraging data IBET151 recently reported for the latter 2 approaches.5, 6 and 7 Over the last 2 decades, multiple clinical studies have attempted to identify chemotherapy regimens superior to platinum/taxane in the first-line treatment of advanced-stage EOC.3, 8, 9 and 10 Although progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) observed in these alternate regimens are no better (and, in many studies, are no worse) than those observed with the platinum/taxane standard, the alternate regimens may be considered to be equivalent in buy Anti-cancer Compound Library clinical practice. In EOC, clinically useful markers that identify platinum-resistant tumors, among the overall high number of chemosensitive patients, remain a critical need. If identified early, platinum-resistant EOC patients could benefit from alternate and/or additional therapeutic options in first-line therapy. Moreover, reliable early identification of platinum resistance may allow the development of clinical trials specifically targeting this population with novel alternate therapies. Chemoresponse assays have been investigated as a method

for individualizing chemotherapy treatment decisions and improving outcomes in cancer patients. Recently, a prospective study demonstrated that women with persistent or recurrent EOC who were treated with an assay-sensitive therapy experienced significantly improved PFS and OS compared to those treated with assay-resistant therapies.11 To further evaluate the clinical relevance of this assay in the primary setting, and in accordance with standards for the reporting of diagnostic accuracy criteria,12 an observational study was conducted among women with stage III/IV EOC treated by standard-of-care chemotherapy. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether assay

mafosfamide response to carboplatin or/and paclitaxel is associated with disease progression among patients with primary EOC following initial treatment with platinum/taxane regimen. Furthermore, this study will evaluate whether this assay can be used to identify patients who are resistant to platinum-based treatment and at high risk of early progression. Participants were prospectively enrolled in an observational study of women with gynecologic cancers. Tumor samples from 54 institutions were submitted for chemoresponse testing from 2006 through 2010. Women with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage III-IV EOC, fallopian tube cancer, and peritoneal cancer treated with carboplatin/paclitaxel-based chemotherapy following initial cytoreductive surgery were included in the study.