5%) with a median followup Lonafarnib in vitro of 67 months met the study inclusion criteria. For these men the estimated 8-year prostate cancer specific and overall survival rates were 86.3% and 77.0%, respectively. Tumor stage and positive surgical margin at the bladder neck were independent predictors of prostate

cancer specific survival and overall survival, and were used to substratify cases. Those with pT3b disease with positive surgical margins at the bladder neck had the highest risk of death (5-year cancer specific survival 60.0% and overall survival 52.3%), while pT3a disease (regardless of positive surgical margin location and lymph node invasion) and pT3b tumors with negative bladder neck margins had 8-year prostate cancer specific survival and overall survival rates of 92.0% and 84.9%, respectively.

Conclusions: The results of this trial demonstrated the heterogeneity of high risk prostate cancer cases with T3 tumors and positive surgical margins. The presented substratification by tumor stage and positive surgical margin location identifies men at high risk for prostate cancer related death and might help in the design of adjuvant therapy trials.”
“Post-radiation injury BAY 63-2521 concentration of patients with

brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) include blood-brain barrier breakdown (BBBB), edema, and necrosis. Prevalence, clinical relevance, and response to treatment are poorly known. We present a series of consecutive brain AVM treated with stereotactic radiosurgery describing the www.selleck.cn/products/gm6001.html appearance of radiation injury and clinical complications.

Consecutive patients with annual clinical and radiological follow-up (median length 63 months). Edema and BBBB were classified in four groups (minimal, perilesional, moderate, or severe), and noted together with necrosis. Clinical symptoms of interest were intracranial hypertension, new neurological deficits, new seizures, and brain hemorrhages.

One hundred two cases, median age 34 years, 52 % male. Median irradiated volume 3.8 cc, dose to the margin of the nidus 18.5 Gy. Nineteen patients underwent a second radiosurgery.

Only 42.2 % patients remained free from radiation injury. Edema was found in 43.1 %, blood-brain barrier breakdown in 20.6 %, necrosis in 6.9 %. Major injury (moderate or severe edema, moderate or severe BBBB, or necrosis) was found in 20 of 102 patients (19.6 %). AVM diameter > 3 cm and second radiosurgery were independent predictors. Time to the worst imaging was 60 months. Patients with major radiation injury had a hazard ratio for appearance of focal deficits of 7.042 (p = 0.04), of intracranial hypertension 2.857 (p = 0.025), hemorrhage into occluded nidus 9.009 (p = 0.079), appearance of new seizures not significant.

Major radiation injury is frequent and increases the risk of neurological complications. Its late appearance implies that current follow-up protocols need to be extended in time.