643)* 1.350 (0.706) 1.452 (0.635)     TH-302 mw median (range) 1.714 (0.211-2.723)* 1.224 (0-2.371)* 1.424 (0-2.723) 1.415 (0.211-2.647)

  Simpson AluI mean (SD) 0.685 (0.222) 0.530 (0.261) 0.579 (0.268) 0.617 (0.237)     median (range) 0.768 (0.085-0.914) 0.568 (0-0.882) 0.667 (0.914) 0.669 (0.085-0.908)   Shannon MspI mean (SD) 1.474 (0.647) 1.402 (0.503) 1.408 (0.544) 1.477 (0.605)     median (range) 1.412 (0.522-2.801) 1.379 (0.228-2.131) 1.378 (0.228-2.672) 1.508 (0.523-2.801)   Simpson MspI mean (SD) 0.634 (0.198) 0.627 (0.193) 0.626 (0.190) 0.638 (0.207)     median (range) 0.652 (0.220-0.916) 0.692 (0.085-0.851) 0.662 (0.085-0.905) 0.697 (0.220-0.916)   Shannon RsaI mean (SD) 1.689 (0.597) 1.552 (0.497) 1.621 (0.517) 1.577 (0.591)     median (range) 1.709 (0.339-2.635) 1.539 (0.643-2.507) 1.664 (0.643-2.514) 1.659 SHP099 in vivo PD0325901 mouse (0.339-2.635)   Simpson RsaI mean (SD) 0.711 (0.185) 0.697 (0.177) 0.718 (0.159) 0.671 (0.214)     median (range) 0.760 (0.162-0.898) 0.737 (0.317-0.979)

0.745 (0.384-0.979) 0.734 (0.162-0.898)       Indonesia (n = 29) Singapore (n = 41) Vaginal (n = 46) Caesarean (n = 24) 1 year Shannon AluI mean (SD) 2.102 (0.594)* 1.861 (0.423)* 2.089 (0.409)* 1.715 (0.601)*     median (range) 2.107 (0.558-2.822)* 1.976 (0.803-2.574)* 2.089 (0.940-2.822)* 1.708 (0.558-2.697)*   Simpson AluI mean (SD) 0.785 (0.168) 0.759 (0.120) 0.804 (0.104)* 0.704 (0.179)*     median (range) 0.837 (0.226-0.925) 0.796 (0.434-0.905) 0.824 (0.434-0.925)* 0.742 (0.226-0.917)*   Shannon MspI mean (SD) 1.910 (0.753)* 1.740 (0.430)* 1.992 (0.456)* 1.462 (0.658)*     median (range) 1.929 (0.252-3.199)* 1.8 (0.777-2.478)*

1.961 (1.137-3.199)* 1.473 (0.252-2.919)*   Simpson MspI mean (SD) 0.744 (0.186) 0.747 (0.101) 0.795 (0.086)* 0.650 (0.175)*     median (range) 0.788 (0.160-0.951) 0.766 (0.462-0.882) 0.806 (0.614-0.951)* 0.686 (0.160-0.935)*   Shannon RsaI mean (SD) 2.026 (0.600) Phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase 1.965 (0.379) 2.148 (0.334)* 1.688 (0.572)*     median (range) 2.020 (0.376-2.890) 1.985 (0.874-2.561) 2.181 (1.533-2.890)* 1.765 (0.376-2.868)*   Simpson RsaI mean (SD) 0.772 (0.170) 0.797 (0.097) 0.829 (0.064)* 0.706 (0.183)*     median (range) 0.806 (0.165-0.925) 0.820 (0.459-0.902) 0.846 (0.681-0.925)* 0.776 (0.165-0.925)* 16S rRNA gene amplicons from infant fecal sample were digested with three restriction enzymes (AluI, MspI and RsaI).