7%.

Conclusions: Clinically asymptomatic adult men with a post-void residual volume of 180 ml are at a high risk

for bacteriuria. Such cases require close medical attention since it may be necessary to introduce early drug therapy or surgical intervention to improve the bladder emptying.”
“Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its murine model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The effect of edaravone, a free radical scavenger, on EAE was investigated in this study. Treatment with edaravone SU5402 mw significantly ameliorated the clinical severity of EAE, and a reduced infiltration of lymphocytes was observed based on a histological analysis. The expression of inducible No synthase (iNOS) in the spinal cords appeared check details to be reduced by the treatment with edaravone and this effect was confirmed in vitro. A reduction of both the cellular infiltration and the expression of iNOS may therefore underlie the mechanisms of the beneficial effect of edaravone on EAE. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The purpose of this study was to examine whether treadmill running exercise after phrenicotomy resulted in change in neuronal expression of c-Fos protein in the medulla oblongata in Wistar rats. All rats were subjected to left-sided unilateral phrenicotomy.

In test experiments, rats were trained with treadmill running for 4 weeks, while in control experiments rats were not provided with the opportunity to exercise. c-Fos

protein, a transient transcription factor, was immunohistochemically stained by the ABC method, and surveyed in the medulla oblongata. Numbers of c-Fos-immunoreactive (c-Fos-ir) neurons were counted microscopically, and their Tacrolimus (FK506) distribution in the medulla oblongata was mapped. In the dorsal respiratory group (DRG), numbers of c-Fos-ir neurons were found to be significantly increased in the test rats compared with control rats, while in the ventral respiratory group (VRG) no significant differences were found in numbers of c-Fos-ir neurons between test and control rats. These findings suggest that DRG neurons may play more important roles than VRG neurons in recovery of respiration in treadmill exercise after unilateral phrenicotomy in Wistar rats. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: We investigated renal function in spinal cord injured subjects in relation to the level and completeness of injury and bladder emptying regimen in the acute and chronic stages.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of 169 spinal cord injured subjects treated at the Spinal Cord Injury Unit, Sahlgrenska Hospital between 1985 and 2002. Renal function based on glomerular filtration rate was evaluated by chromium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid clearance 3 to 4 months after injury and at followup 3 to 5 years after injury.