(ii) Isotopic composition (-17 parts per thousand and -14 parts per thousand) and concentration of glucose and fructose (2 and 3 mg C g(-1) DW, respectively) were not affected by diurnal metabolism, suggesting a low turnover. (iii) Sucrose (1-3 mg C g(-1) DW), in contrast, exhibited large

diurnal changes in delta(13)C values (from -17 parts per thousand PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3 clinical trial in the evening to -12 parts per thousand in the morning), which were not matched by net changes in sucrose concentration. This suggests a high sucrose turnover, fed by nocturnal starch degradation and direct Rubisco fixation during the day. A detailed dissection of the carbon fixation and mobilization pattern in K. daigremontiana revealed that direct fixation of Rubisco during the light accounted for 30% of phloem sucrose, but only 15% of fixed carbon, indicating that carbon from direct Rubisco fixation

was preferentially used for leaf export.”
“This study has been carried out to mimic the thermo-oxidative degradation of polypropylene (co-PP) during service life and recycling. Injection molded specimens were heat aged at 130 degrees C for different times up to maximum of 300 selleck compound h to simulate the degradation of co-PP during the service life. These aged specimens were mixed with stabilizers in internal mixer and again heat aged up to 300 h. A small increase in melt flow rate (MFR) value was observed for aged co-PP but it showed large increase after recycling. The presence of carbonyl peak at 1713 cm(-1) confirmed the oxidation of co-PP during aging and it increases with aging time. Carbonyl index (CI) is increased in recycled sample with aging, whereas oxidation induction time (OIT) decreased. The stabilizers used during reprocessing are quite effective in controlling the thermo-oxidative degradation of the polymer during processing and

aging. The thermogravimetric analysis shows that the onset IPI-145 of degradation temperature starts at low temperature for recycled sample as compared to virgin co-PP. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 3315-3320, 2011″
“The authors report on a Raman scattering study of self-heating in InGaN/GaN-based thin film vertical light emitting diode (VLED) on copper successfully transferred from silicon (111). The LED structures grown on bulk Si are transferred to a copper substrate host using electroplating and sacrificial removal of silicon by grinding, lapping and dry etching. The light emission characteristics of such VLEDs are studied by electroluminescence measurements. Due to self-heating at very high injection current, the temperature of the p-side down VLED without encapsulation and packaging increases rapidly and correlates well with the I-V characteristics. The Raman measurements allow probing of temperature profiles when these VLEDs are driven at current up to 1 A. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.