\n\nDesign-Cross-sectional study of 124 adult kidney transplant recipients.\n\nMain Outcome Measures-Health literacy was assessed via the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA) and the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine-Transplantation (REALM-T). Data on recipients’ transplant numeracy,

knowledge needs, and demographics were collected via semistructured interviews. Multivariable linear regressions were used to assess the relationship between health literacy and graft function.\n\nResults-Most kidney recipients (91 %) had adequate health literacy (S-TOFHLA); however, 81 % were unfamiliar with at least I kidney transplant-related term (REALM-T). The 5 least familiar terms were sensitization (50%), urethra (45%), trough level (41 %), blood urea nitrogen (32%), and toxicity (3 1 %). Numeracy

levels varied: 2 1 % knew the likelihood check details of 1-year graft survival; 29% knew that half of kidney recipients have problems with the transplant in the first 6 months; 68% were aware of the risk of death within the first year after transplantation; and 86% knew the normal range for creatinine in kidney recipients. Patients click here with lower health literacy (REALM-T) had higher creatinine levels.\n\nConclusions-Transplant providers should intervene with better patient education materials to improve patients’ health literacy, which may improve patients’ medication adherence or transplant outcomes. (Progress in Transplantation. 2009; 19:25-34)”
“OBJECTIVE. Women commonly present to imaging departments with a palpable breast abnormality. However, widespread confusion remains regarding the most appropriate sequence and extent Nepicastat supplier of imaging required. The purpose of this article is to discuss the evidence informing current management guidelines for the care of patients with palpable breast abnormalities. CONCLUSION. Ultrasound is a highly effective imaging tool for guiding effective evaluation of women with palpable

breast abnormalities and should be used for all women with suspicious findings at clinical breast examination. The exception is cases in which mammography shows a clearly benign correlate or a normal, fatty area of breast tissue in the location of the palpable finding. Breast ultrasound should be the primary imaging tool for women with palpable lumps who are pregnant, lactating, or younger than 30 years. For women 40 years old and older, mammography, followed in most cases by ultrasound, is recommended. For women 30-39 years old, ultrasound or mammography may be performed first at the discretion of the radiologist or referring provider. There is little to no role for breast MRI or other advanced imaging technologies in the routine diagnostic evaluation of palpable breast abnormalities.