g. the response to pathogens or developmental processes modulated by the pleiotropic action of genes, may indeed limit ON-01910 chemical structure or shape the expression of these pathways. Conclusions In this study, we identified 12,511 unigenes from the parasitoid wasp A. tabida, which can now facilitate future genetic studies on host/Wolbachia and host/parasitoid interactions. We also highlighted that Wolbachia might interfere with the expression of genes involved in development, PCD and immunity, especially through the regulation of oxidative
stress. These results confirm that Wolbachia does not only impact its host reproduction, but may also influence more globally the biology and physiology of its hosts with potential unprecedented effects on the evolution of their life history. Acknowledgements We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript, and Suzanne Peyer for reviewing the English text. We would like to express our sincere thanks to Christine Oger (DTAMB, IFR 41, Université de Lyon) for her help in using the Microlabstar Hamilton. A. tabida sequences were obtained within the framework of the “Functional Mocetinostat mouse Genomics and Immune Signaling in Invertebrate Endosymbiosis” program, conducted in collaboration with the Centre National de Séquençage, Genoscope
(Evry, France). This work was supported by funding from UMR CNRS 5558, IFR 41 and GDR 2153, a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-06-BLANC-0316 “”EndoSymbArt”"), and a grant from the Fondation Innovations en Infectiologie (FINOVI 005). This article has been published as part of BMC Microbiology Volume 11 Supplement 1, 2012: Arthropod symbioses: from fundamental studies to pest and disease mangement. The full contents of the supplement are available online at http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/12?issue=S1. Electronic supplementary material Additional file 1: BMS202 nmr Primers used for quantitative RT-PCR. (XLS 25 KB) Additional
file 2: Functions under-represented in wasp ovaries in response to Wolbachia infection, biological process (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate level 6. GO terms differentially-represented in libraries from aposymbiotic (A) and symbiotic (S) ovaries (Pi3 strain). The proportion of ESTs related to each GO function is indicated in the OA library (OA1 and OA2) and in the reference library (OS). Biological processes (level 6) are sorted relative to their A/S ratio, representing the enrichment percentage in the OA library compared to the OS library. An asterisk indicates functions shared by OA1 and OA2. (XLS 23 KB) Additional file 3: Expression profiles of genes studied in quantitative RT-PCR Quantitative RT-PCR was performed from symbiotic (gray) or aposymbiotic (white) extracts. The Pi3 strain exhibits a strong ovarian phenotype after Wolbachia removal (no eggs in the ovaries), while the NA strain produces a few eggs that do not develop normally.