In this study, the nonvolatile XAD concentrate of the untreated water possessed a low level of mutagenic activity. However, compared to the levels of mutagenicity in the finished water XAD concentrates, the contribution from the settled source water was minimal. The mutagenicity seen in the reverse osmosis concentrates was < 50% of that seen in the XAD concentrates. Overall, find more mutagenic responses were similar to those observed in other North American studies and provide evidence that the pilot plant produced

disinfection by-products similar to that seen in other studies.”
“Numerous studies support a role for the endogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) system in the hypothermic effect of capsaicin. None of those studies, however, selectively delineate a role for 5-HT reuptake or 5-HT receptors in this regard. In the present investigation, we determined if the blockade of 5-HT reuptake or the activation of 5-HT1A or 5-HT2 receptors modulates capsaicin-evoked hypothermia. Selleckchem Defactinib The administration of capsaicin (0.2-1 mg/kg, i.m.) produced dose-related

hypothermia. Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), did not affect body temperature. For combined administration, pretreatment with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated the hypothermia caused by capsaicin (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.m.). For the 5-HT receptor experiments, we pretreated rats with either WAY 100635, a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, or mianserin, a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, and then administered a fixed, hypothermic dose of capsaicin (1 mg/kg, i.m.). WAY 100635 (7 mg/kg, s.c.) administration did not affect capsaicin-evoked hypothermia. This indicates that 5-HT1A receptor activation does not play a major role in the hypothermic effect of capsaicin. In Leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase contrast, pretreatment with mianserin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) enhanced the hypothermic effect of capsaicin (1

mg/kg, i.m.). The present data reveal that capsaicin-evoked hypothermia in rats is attenuated by the blockade of 5-HT reuptake and enhanced by the antagonism of 5-HT2 receptors. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Large-scale differential gene expression analysis was used to examine the biological effects of disinfected surface waters on cultured rat hepatocytes. Source water from East Fork Lake (Harsha Lake), a reservoir on the Little Miami River in Ohio, was spiked with iodide and bromide and disinfected by chlorination or ozonation/postchlorination. The chlorinated and ozonated/postchlorinated waters were concentrated, respectively, 136- and 124-fold (full strength) by reverse-osmosis membrane techniques. Volatile disinfection by-products (DBP) lost during concentration were restored to the extent possible.