J Inorg Biochem 1992, 59:273.CrossRef 42. Petrouleas V, Diner BA: Formation by NO of nitrosyl adducts of redox components of the check details Photosystem II reaction center. I. NO binds to the acceptor-side non-heme iron. Biochim Biophys Acta – Bionerg 1990, 1015:131–140.CrossRef 43. Sanakis Y, Goussias C, Mason RP, Petrouleas V: NO interacts with the tyrosine radical Y(D). of photosystem II
to form an iminoxyl radical. Biochemistry 1997, 36:1411–1417.PubMedCrossRef 44. Sanakis Y, Petasis D, Petrouleas V, Hendrich M: Simultaneous binding of fluoride and NO to the nonheme iron of photosystem II:Quantitative EPR evidence for a weak exchange interaction between the semiquinone Q(A)(-) and the iron-nitrosyl complex. J Am Chem Soc 1999, 121:9155–9164.CrossRef 45. Wodala B, Deak Z, Vass I, Erdei L, Altorjay I, Horvath F: In vivo target sites of nitric oxide in photosynthetic electron transport as studied selleck chemical by chlorophyll fluorescence in pea leaves. Plant Physiol 2008, 146:1920–1927.PubMedCrossRef Authors’ contributions EB and MC conceived Objectives and designed the study and general design of the work. FG and EB collected and identified R. farinacea thalli. Microscopy and image handling
were performed by FG-B and J R-A. FG designed and carried out photobionts isolation and physiology of photosynthesis experiments. Studies on lipid peroxidation and NO-endproducts quantification were made by AEP. 3-MA chemical structure MC and FG wrote the paper and EB made final considerations. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background The rickettsial bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium is a causative agent of heartwater, the disease of ruminants transmitted by ticks of the genus Amblyomma [1]. Heartwater is not only responsible for high economic losses in endemic countries [2], but is also suggested to be a potential emerging zoonosis since the PCR and sequence detection of the pathogen’s presence in three fatal human cases although the cytological examination and bacterial isolation were not achieved [3, 4]. The disease is established in nearly all countries of sub-Saharan Interleukin-2 receptor Africa and some islands of the Caribbean, from where it threatens
the American mainland [5]. In the USA, three Ehrlichia species, namely E. canis, E. chaffeensis, and E. ewingii, are known to exist [6–11]. Recently, Panola Mountain (PM) Ehrlichia, which is closely related to E. ruminantium, was discovered as a novel zoonotic Ehrlichia in the state of Georgia [12, 13]. Active surveillance using a reliable method which can discriminate E. ruminantium from these other Ehrlichia species is an asset in preventing introduction of heartwater into the USA. In heartwater endemic countries, conventional diagnosis is based upon clinical signs and microscopic examination of post-mortem brain smears. As a more reliable and sensitive diagnostic method, several PCR-based assays have been developed for the detection of E.