Kidneys were sectioned and examined grossly for evidence of tissue fractionation, ie the presence of histotripsy paste, or fixed in formalin and prepared for histological analysis.
Results: Histotripsy of renal cortical tissue created
tissue defects in the cortical area treated. Histotripsy targeting the renal collecting system, medulla and renal cortex resulted in tissue fractionation in the area of Selleck VS-4718 the cortex, intermediate damage in the medulla and minimal damage to the collecting system.
Conclusions: There is a differential histotripsy treatment effect when comparing renal cortical tissue to renal collecting system. There is no significant architectural disruption of the renal collecting system after histotripsy. This differential effect is a notable finding that may prove useful in future planning of ablative treatments for renal tissue.”
“Purpose. – This fMRI study investigated phonological and lexicosemantic processing in dyslexic and in chronological age- and reading level-matched children in a pseudoword reading task.
Materials and methods. – The effective connectivity network was compared between the three groups using a structural model including the supramarginal cortex (BA 40; BA: Brodmann area), fusiform cortex (BA 37) and inferior frontal cortex (BA 44/45) areas RepSox of the left hemisphere.
Results. -
The results revealed differences in connectivity patterns. In dyslexic patients, in contrast 17-DMAG (Alvespimycin) HCl with chronological age- and reading level-matched groups, no causal relationship
was demonstrated between BA 40 and BA 44/45. However, a significant causal relationship was demonstrated between BA 37 and BA 44/45 both in dyslexic children and in the reading level-matched group.
Conclusions. – These findings were interpreted as evidence for a phonological deficit in developmental dyslexia. (C) 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: Frequent loss of heterozygosity of microsatellites on a specific chromosomal region has been reported in various types of human cancer. The same loss of heterozygosity has also been identified in matched serum or urine DNA. We determined a urine microsatellite marker profile specific to urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.
Materials and Methods: We analyzed the loss of heterozygosity of primary tumors and their matched urine DNA samples from 30 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. We investigated a total of 77 markers from 25 chromosomal regions and a total of 53 from 23 chromosomal regions for their preferential loss in urothelial carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma of the kidney, respectively. Specificity was then confirmed in a cohort of 22 renal cell carcinoma cases.
Results: Of 30 patients with urothelial carcinoma 25 (83.3%) were detected using the molecular urine test. Of 48 markers detected as loss of heterozygosity in urine 20 (41.