Methods: Forty-seven children, ASA physical status I, were scheduled for elective strabismus surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two inhalation anesthetic groups. Sevoflurane group comprised of 27 children, and desflurane group comprised of 20 children. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane or desflurane. No muscle relaxant was used. IOPs were measured before anesthesia, at 2 and 5 min after insertion of I-gelTM and after removal of I-gelTM. IOP measurements were obtained

by Tonopen (R). check details Results: Intraocular pressure significantly decreased 2 min after insertion of I-gelTM in both sevoflurane and desflurane groups (P < 0.001). Measurements 5 min after I-gelTM insertion were also significantly lower than those of before insertion in both groups (P < 0.01). However, no significant differences were found between the preoperative measurement and the measurement after removal of I-gelTM within two groups (P = 0.072 and P = 0.547, respectively). No significant differences were found in all IOP measurements between sevoflurane and desflurane groups. Conclusion: Insertion of I-gelTM

laryngeal mask airway with giving sevoflurane or desflurane inhalation anesthetics seemed not to cause any increase in IOPs in pediatric ophthalmic surgery.”
“Study Design. Epidemiological analysis using CTs.

Objective. To investigate the true incidence of lumbar spondylolysis Selleckchem PR 171 in the general population in Japan.

Summary of Background

Data. Although there have been several reports on the incidence of lumbar spondylolysis, they had some weakness. One of them concerns the subjects investigated, because the incidence of lumbar spondylolysis varies considerably, and some patients are asymptomatic. In addition, most of the past studies used plain radiograph films or skeletal GDC-0941 PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor investigation. Therefore, the past reported incidence may not correspond to that of the general population.

Methods. We reviewed the computed tomography (CT) scans of 2000 subjects (age: 20-92 years) who had undergone abdominal and pelvic CT on a single multidetector CT scanner for reasons unrelated to low back pain. We reviewed them for spondylolysis, spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, and spina bifida occulta (SBO) in the lumbosacral region. The grade (I-IV) of spondylolisthesis was measured using midsagittal reconstructions.

Results. Lumbar spondylolysis was found in 117 subjects (5.9%). Their male-female ratio was 2:1. Multiple-level spondylolysis was found in 5 subjects (0.3%). Among these 117 subjects, there were 124 vertebrae with spondylolysis. Of them, 112 (90.3%) corresponded to L5, and 26 (21.0%) had unilateral spondylolysis.

SBO was found in 154 subjects. Of them, 25 had spondylolysis (16.2%), whereas, in 1846 subjects without SBO, 92 had spondylolysis (5.0%). The incidence of spondylolysis among the patients with SBO was significantly higher than that in subjects without SBO (Odd ratio was 3.7-fold).