Our findings suggest that the IR-induced reduction of locomotory rate in the absence of food is mediated by a different pathway from that for bacterial mechanosensation, at

least partially through IR-produced hydrogen peroxide.”
“We synthesized an epoxy matrix composite adhesive containing aluminum nitride (AlN) powder, MCC950 Immunology & Inflammation inhibitor which was used for thermal interface materials (TIM) in high power devices. The experimental results revealed that adding AlN fillers into epoxy resin was an effective way to boost thermal conductivity and maintain electrical insulation. We also discovered a proper coupling agent that reduced the viscosity of the epoxy-AlN composite by AlN surface treatment and increased the solid loading to 60 vol %. For the TIM sample made with the composite adhesive, we obtained a thermal conductivity of 2.70 W/(m K), which was approximately 13 times larger than that of pure epoxy. The dielectric strength of the TIM was 10 to 11 kV/mm, which was large enough for applications

in GSK923295 mouse high power devices. Additionally, the thermal and insulating properties of the TIM did not degrade after thermal shock testing, indicating its reliability for use in power devices. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“A common feature in biological neuromuscular systems is the redundancy in joint actuation. Understanding how these redundancies are resolved in typical joint movements has been a long-standing problem in biomechanics, neuroscience and PFTα prosthetics. Many empirical studies have uncovered neural, mechanical and energetic aspects of how humans resolve these degrees of freedom to actuate leg joints for common tasks like walking. However, a unifying theoretical framework that explains the many independent empirical observations and predicts

individual muscle and tendon contributions to joint actuation is yet to be established. Here we develop a computational framework to address how the ankle joint actuation problem is resolved by the neuromuscular system in walking. Our framework is founded upon the proposal that a consideration of both neural control and leg muscle-tendon morphology is critical to obtain predictive, mechanistic insight into individual muscle and tendon contributions to joint actuation. We examine kinetic, kinematic and electromyographic data from healthy walking subjects to find that human leg muscle-tendon morphology and neural activations enable a metabolically optimal realization of biological ankle mechanics in walking. This optimal realization (a) corresponds to independent empirical observations of operation and performance of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, (b) gives rise to an efficient load-sharing amongst ankle muscle-tendon units and (c) causes soleus and gastrocnemius muscle fibers to take on distinct mechanical roles of force generation and power production at the end of stance phase in walking.