Real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to determine transcription and cellular distribution of cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) in the equine endometrium during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. Endometrial biopsy and blood samples were collected from cycling mares on days (d) 8, 11, 15 and 18 (oestrus) (Day 0 = Day of ovulation; n = 5 for each day) and from pregnant mares (n = 4) on d15. Except for mares on d18 and some cyclic mares (n = 2) on d15 with low progesterone (P(4)) concentrations (< 3.18 nm), P(4) concentrations were high. Cytosolic PLA2 was mainly localized in the luminal epithelium and stroma was negative. PFTα chemical structure Cytosolic

PLA2 expression was negatively correlated with P(4) concentration (r = -0.75, P < 0.001) and differed according to the stage of the oestrous cycle (P < 0.05). Cytosolic PLA2 expression was high during oestrus and

declined to basal levels on d8 (P < 0.05). Thereafter, there was a trend for increased cPLA2 expression as luteal phase progressed. However, as P(4) dropped below 3.18 nm on d15, cPLA2 expression increased (P < 0.05). In pregnant mares, cPLA2 expression was not different from cyclic mares on d15 with high P(4) concentrations. However, it was lower than cyclic mares with low P(4) concentrations (p < 0.05). In conclusion, cPLA2 isoform, a member of the PLA2 family that controls PGF2 alpha secretion, is highly expressed in the endometrium at the expected time of luteolysis. check details Progesterone may be an inhibitor for cPLA2 expression. During pregnancy, cPLA2 expression may be sufficient to initiate the cascade for PGF2 alpha secretion and does not play a direct role in maternal recognition of pregnancy.”
“The influence of Er:YAG laser irradiation on periodontal tissues along the root

surface and apical region during root canal preparation was histologically evaluated using experimentally infected root canals of rats. Eighty experimentally mesial infected root canals of mandibular first molars in rats were divided into four groups. In three groups, root canals were irradiated using an Er: YAG laser at 2 Hz with 34, 68, or 102 mJ/pulse for 30 s. Non-irradiated MEK phosphorylation canals served as controls. The influence of laser irradiation on periodontal tissues along the root surface and apical area was evaluated histologically under light microscopy at 0 (immediately after), 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after irradiation. At all periods, no inflammation or resorption on the root surfaces caused by laser irradiation was observed in any cases in the control or 34 mJ/pulse-irradiated groups. However, mild to severe inflammation with resorption of root surfaces was observed in some cases in the 68- and 102-mJ/pulse-irradiated groups. No significant difference was apparent between control and laser-irradiated groups at the apical area for all experimental periods (p>0.05).