Results: The mean operating time was 91.66 min. The average hospital stay was 2.4 days. The Foley catheter was removed after 3 weeks. The mean Q(max) preoperatively and postoperatively was 5.5 +/- 1.87 and 18.83 +/- 2.04 ml/s, respectively. Our mean follow-up was 18.5 +/- 6.92 (6-32) months. Conclusions: Our hybrid technique

provides good short-term results while promoting minimal urethral mobilization and graft vascularity. selleck chemicals Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Intracellular cAMP and Ca2+ are involved in the regulation of steroidogenic activity in Leydig cells, which coordinate responses to luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). However, the identification of Ca2+ entry implicated in Leydig cell steroidogenesis is not well defined. The objective of this study was to identify the type of Ca2+ channel that affects Leydig cell steroidogenesis. In vitro steroidogenesis in the freshly dissociated Leydig cells of mice was induced by hCG incubation. The effects of mibefradil (a putative T-type

Ca2+ channel blocker) on steroidogenesis were assessed using reverse click here transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction analysis for the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA expression and testosterone production using radioimmunoassay. In the presence of 1.0 mmol L-1 extracellular Ca2+, hCG at 1 to 100 IU noticeably elevated both StAR mRNA level and testosterone secretion (P < 0.05), and the stimulatory effects of hCG were markedly diminished by mibefradil in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Moreover, the hCG-induced increase

in testosterone production was completely removed when external Ca2+ was omitted, implying that Ca2+ entry is needed for hCG-induced steroidogenesis. Furthermore, a patch-clamp study revealed the presence of mibefradil-sensitive Ca2+ currents seen at a concentration MX69 range that nearly paralleled those inhibiting steroidogenesis. Collectively, our data provide evidence that hCG-stimulated steroidogenesis is mediated at least in part by Ca2+ entry carried out by the T-type Ca2+ channel in the Leydig cells of mice.”
“The impact of fusel oil addition on volatile compounds formation in papaya wine fermented with yeast Williopsis saturnus var. mrakii NCYC2251 was studied with a view to enhancing papaya wine aroma production. Time-course papaya juice fermentations were carried out using W. saturnus var. mrakii NCYC2251 with fusel oil added (0, 0.1 and 0.5% v/v). Fermentation characteristics in terms of yeast growth, Brix and pH changes were similar for all fermentations except for those added with 0.5% (v/v) fusel oil. The addition of 0.5% (v/v) fusel oil inhibited yeast growth. A wide range of volatile compounds were produced during fermentation including acids, alcohols, esters and aldehydes with esters being the most abundant volatile compounds produced. The addition of 0.