She never received Nivolumab datasheet a targeted treatment, however, expected to differentially affect sides. In conclusion, enlarged Virchow–Robin spaces may induce asymptomatic diffusion tensor and tractography changes in the corticospinal tract through mass effect and compression. This suggests that imaging changes even when significantly different do not necessarily explicate clinical signs and symptoms in patients with space occupying mass lesions—imaging abnormalities always require careful clinical correlation. This has implications on the growing applications of DTI and tractography

to predict the location and function of white matter tracts for presurgical planning and image-modulated radiation therapy planning in patients with

brain tumors. “
“Vertebral artery origin stenosis is a known cause of stroke that is treatable with angioplasty and stenting. Previous studies have demonstrated that this technique is safe but is limited by high rates of in-stent stenosis. Anti-proliferative drug-eluting stents are an alternative for reducing in-stent stenosis at the vertebral artery origin. This retrospective study included five consecutive patients treated with anti-proliferative drug-eluting stents. The patients’ demographics, indications for treatment, procedural technique, and clinical and radiographic follow-up are presented along with a review of the literature. No peri-procedural complications occurred. One patient had a transient ischemic attack (TIA) during the follow-up period. No patients had hemodynamically selleck screening library significant (>50%) in-stent stenosis at follow-up. Among the MCE 287 cases reported in the literature, there were two strokes (.7%), four TIAs (1.4%), and no procedurally related deaths. Among patients undergoing angiographic

follow-up, 26% were found to have >50% in-stent stenosis. Anti-proliferative drug-eluting stents hold promise for reducing in-stent stenosis at the vertebral artery origin. “
“Residual giant-cystic craniopharyngiomas are amenable to intracavitary bleomycin treatment. Radiologic identification of potential cyst leaks is of paramount for treatment decisions. This report describes our experience in the use of intracystic Gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced MR imaging to determine potential communications between the tumoral cysts and other intra-axial spaces in 4 pediatric patients with residual giant-cystic craniopharyngiomas in whom intracavitary bleomycin treatment was planned after the injection of .1-.2 mL of gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA). In three cases no leaks were found. In one case, whose previous water-soluble iodinated contrast-enhanced CT cystography was negative for leaks, intracystic Gd-enhanced MR showed intraventricular Gd enhancement. We conclude that MR imaging after intracystic administration of Gd-based contrast paramagnetic agents is useful in the detection of potential leaks in cases of giant residual craniopharyngiomas.