The ‘census’ dates were the 1st – 15th in each of July 2001, October 2001, January 2002 and April 2002 (Table ​(Table5).5). In the 60 day period, 143,274 patients presented to ED of which 25,019 (17.4%) patients presented due to injury. Of these, 91.4% were described as having sustained ‘acute injury’ and 8.6% as ‘poisoning’. The overall injury mortality rate was 0.5% although mortality was higher for poisonings (1.1%) than for acute injury (0.4%) patients. The leading cause of injury was reported as ‘mechanical injury’ Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in the industrial and farming context (32.7%) followed by traffic crashes (26.9%, 6147). Traffic crashes accounted for nearly 47% of deaths.

The male to female ratio was 2:1 for age groups under 60, above which the ratio was 1.07:1. Only 14.4% were transported to the emergency Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical department by emergency vehicle with the remainder described as ‘other means’ or ‘private’. Using the same data, Li et al reported that injury-related admissions were higher in the 11 rural hospitals

(29%) compared to the 14 city hospitals (19%), as was the mortality rate (rural: 1.29%; city 0.27%)[24]. Transport accounted for 35% of injuries in Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical rural hospitals followed by industrial machine type injuries (18.15%), whereas the reverse was true for city hospitals (industrial machine type injuries: 33%; transport: 21.8%). The study collected and reported upon employment status, one of only three in this Review to do so (Table ​(Table6).6). Transportation workers (22%, 74% male) and students (12.7%, 60% male) were the leading occupations in the city cohort, while in the rural hospitals farmers (37%, 72% male), students (14%, 74% male) and transport workers Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (9%, 87% male) were the leading occupations. Mortality was the only clinical outcome variable reported in the study. Table 6 Patient-focussed clinical parameters reported in the Reviews Reference to the a-priori established indicators of interest Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (Table ​(Table33 Table ​Table5)5) highlights

that no injury coding or clinical indicators were collected and reported in this Sitaxentan study program. Despite this, the study was successful in establishing a comprehensive network that could serve as the basis for more detailed injury surveillance or integrated trauma registry systems. Prospective Studies using the National Injury Surveillance System Selleckchem GSK1120212 Reporting Card Four studies [25-28] that utilised the Chinese-Centre of Disease Control (C-CDC) NISS Reporting Card [36] were identified (Table ​(Table5).5). The Reporting Card commenced widespread use in late 2005 as the basis of NISS, later than the publishing date of these studies. Each study collected data prospectively at three [26], six [25], 10 [27] and 26 [28] hospitals for a period of 12-months, reflecting the expansion of NISS.