The long-term periodized training effects (12, 24 and 48 months) on strength and power were also investigated.\n\nResults Across the 27 studies (n = 1,015), 234 percent change and 230 ES calculations were performed. IRVs of 11-30 (i.e. 3-6 sets of 4-10 repetitions at 74-88 % one-repetition maximum [1RM]) elicited strength and power increases of 0.42 % and 0.07 % per training session, respectively. The following weekly strength changes were observed for two, three and four training sessions per muscle region/week: 0.9 %, 1.8 % and 1.3 %, respectively. Similarly, the weekly power changes for two,

three and four training sessions per muscle group/week were 0.1 %, 0.3 % and 0.7 %, respectively. Mean decreases of 14.5 % (ES = -0.64) and 0.4 (ES = -0.10) were observed in strength and power across mean detraining periods of 7.2 +/- 5.8 and 7.6 +/- 5.1 weeks, Flavopiridol respectively. The long-term training studies found strength increases of 7.1 +/- 1.0 % (ES = 0.55), 8.5 +/- 3.3 % (ES = 0.81) and 12.5 +/- 6.8 % (ES = 1.39) over 12, 24 and 48 months, respectively; they also found power increases of 14.6 % (ES = 1.30) and 12.2 % (ES = 1.06) at 24 and 48 months.\n\nConclusion

Based on current findings, training frequencies of two to four Sulfobutylether-��-Cyclodextrin resistance training sessions per muscle group/week can be prescribed to develop upper and lower body strength and power. IRVs ranging from 11 to 30 (i.e. 3-6 sets of 4-10 repetitions of 70-88 % 1RM) can be prescribed in a periodized manner to retain power and develop strength in the upper and lower body. Strength levels can be maintained for up to 3 weeks of detraining, but decay rates will increase thereafter (i.e. 5-16 Selleckchem PF 2341066 weeks). The effect of explosive-ballistic training and detraining on pure power development and decay in elite rugby and American football players remain

inconclusive. The long-term effects of periodized resistance training programmes on strength and power seem to follow the law of diminishing returns, as training exposure increases beyond 12-24 months, adaptation rates are reduced.”
“Coarse woody debris (CWD) is a fundamental component of forest ecosystems, but one whose management presents challenges for land managers because its inputs and outputs are linked to, but not often in equilibrium with, disturbance events, including wildfire and logging. Understanding its rate of decomposition is one key element in being able to model its dynamics under different disturbance and management scenarios. We employed an indirect chronosequence approach to determine a decomposition rate for CWD of Eucalyptus obliqua, one of the dominant trees of Tasmania’s commercially important lowland wet eucalypt forests.