The results of this present study showed that immersion in the acidic agents tested could not degrade this material. This demonstrates that Valiant-Ph.D. tends to tolerate acidic conditions better than the other three materials. The most important finding in this in vitro study http://www.selleckchem.com/products/GDC-0449.html was that Valiant-Ph.D. amalgam and Filtek Z250 resin composite could withstand acidic solutions better than Ketac-S metal-reinforced glass ionomer cement and Fuji II LC resin-modified glass ionomer cement. This in vitro study thus might recommend that, in terms of resistance to degradation, amalgam or resin composite should be the materials of choice while restoring teeth affected by erosion. However, the degradation of materials is not the only factor involved in making this choice.

Operator preference and patient factors should also be taken into consideration. It must be noted that there were some limitations to this present study. The role of saliva was not taken into consideration.34 Furthermore, the oral cavity presents a challenging testing environment that cannot be precisely replicated under experimental conditions. For example, temperature changes, pH level, and the presence of water in the oral cavity may also considerably affect properties of restorations. In addition, the present study evaluated only in vitro effects. Further studies are required to examine the effects of sour fruit juice in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: The acidic agents tested (citrate buffer solution, green mango juice, and pineapple juice) have an effect on the reduction of surface microhardness of restorative materials.

Amalgam (Valiant-Ph.D.) and resin composite (Filtek Z250) were more resistant to acid attacks, and were better than both types of glass ionomer cement (Ketac-S and Fuji II LC). For clinical decision-making, amalgam and resin composite are the most suitable materials for restorations in patients who are at high risk for erosive conditions. Figure 5. SEM photomicrographs of Valiant-Ph.D. before and after immersion in various storage media for 3 and 7 days (x600 magnification). A- Before immersion, B- In deionized water for 3 days, C- In deionized water for 7 days, D- In citrate buffer solution for … Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Professor Peter A.

Leggat, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia, for his suggestions in the data analysis and for proofing the manuscript. This study was supported by a grant from Prince of Songkla University.
Spaced dentition is characterized by interdental spaces and lack of contact points between the teeth. Spacing can be localized or generalized due to the number of teeth included.1 It is a common esthetic problem for many patients. A study in European adults Carfilzomib showed that patients with a broad midline spacing were perceived as being less socially successful and having lower intelligence.