The stabilized water content of grains showed a strong association with final grain weight (r(2)=0.88, P < 0.01). Grain length was found

to be the trait that best correlated with final grain weight (r(2)=0.98, P < 0.01) and volume (r(2)=0.94, P < 0.01). The main events that defined final grain weight occurred during the first third of grain-filling when maternal tissues (the pericarp of grains) undergo considerable expansion. Eight expansin coding sequences were isolated from pericarp RNA and the temporal Bromosporine order profiles of accumulation of these transcripts were monitored. Sequences showing high homology with TaExpA6 were notably abundant during early grain expansion and declined as maturity was reached. RNA in situ hybridization studies Selleckchem Nec-1s revealed that the transcript for TaExpA6 was principally found in the pericarp during early growth in grain development and, subsequently, in both the endosperm and pericarp. The signal in these images is likely to be the sum of the transcript levels of all three sequences with high similarity to the TaExpA6 gene. The early part of the expression profile of this putative expansin gene correlates well with the critical periods of early grain expansion, suggesting it as a possible factor in the final determination of grain size.”
“The paper deals with the assessment of the surface modification of glossy continuous poly( ethylene terephthalate) fibers from the point

of view of changes in their surface structure in terms of its micro-topography and the molecular and supermolecular structure of the filament surface

layers. The performed SEM and AFM investigations have shown differences in the fiber surface carving before and after modification ( smoothing or increased roughness), depending on the type of applied enzymatic preparation. Measurements with the use of the ATR-IR method have shown changes in the physicochemical character of the investigated fiber surface. The cleavage of the ester bonds in PET macromolecular chains, resulting from the modifications used, leads to the formation of reactive -OH and -COOH groups. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 3117-3126, 2011″
“Background: Growth kinetic of Plasmodium falciparum in culture or in the host fall short of expected growth rate considering that there are 4 x JNJ-64619178 datasheet 10(6)/mu L red blood cell (RBCs) available for invasion and about 16 merozoites growing in each infected RBC. This study determined whether apoptotic machinery is operable to keep the parasite population under check.

Methods: A synchronized culture of P. falciparum (Dd2 strain) was initiated at 0.5% ring stage parasitaemia and kept under conditions not limiting for RBCs and nutrient by adjusting hematocrit to 5% at each schizogony and changing growth media daily. Parasite growth pattern and morphology was evaluated by blood smear microscopy and flow-cytometry using SYBR green.