This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project nos 10-04-01613 and 09-04-90420. “
“Our group is interested in rRNA and ribosome biogenesis in the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Epimastigotes represent an extracellular replicative stage of T. cruzi and can be cultured in axenic media. The growth curve of epimastigotes allows assessment of potential differences in the nucleoli of cells undergoing growth-rate transitions. To establish cellular parameters for studying ribosome biogenesis in T. cruzi, a morphometric analysis of the nucleoli of cultured cells in the exponential

and stationary phases was conducted. Electron micrograph-based measurements of nuclear sections from independent cells demonstrated that the

nucleolar area is over twofold higher in exponentially growing cells, as compared with Dasatinib in vitro epimastigotes in the stationary phase. The granular component of the nucleoli of actively growing cells was the main structural element. Cycloheximide moderately reduced the apparent size of the nucleoli without an apparent disruption of their architecture. Our results provide PLX4032 manufacturer a firm basis for the establishment of an experimental model to study the organization of the nucleolus during the growth and development of T. cruzi. The American trypanosome Trypanosoma cruzi is a parasite that infects humans as well as sylvatic and domestic animals. Human infection may result in Chagas disease, which is widespread in Mexico, Central and South America. As is the case with other protozoa, T. cruzi possesses a complex life cycle in both vertebrate and insect vectors. If present in the peripheral blood of a mammalian host, T. cruzi trypomastigotes may be ingested during a blood meal by the haematophagous reduviid bug. In the hindgut of this vector, the parasites first develop into replicative amastigotes and then into flagellated epimastigotes. Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Next, elongated forms of epimastigotes attach to the distal portion of the vector’s hindgut before differentiation into nondividing metacyclic trypomastigotes. These

forms are excreted in situ, along with urine and faeces, after the blood meal. Contamination of the insect-bite wound or mucous membranes of the mammalian host with these excreta leads to infection. Within the vertebrate host, T. cruzi is able to infect a wide range of nucleated cells, in which proliferation into intracellular amastigotes and intermediate flagellated forms occurs. New nondividing trypomastigotes then emerge into the bloodstream due to host-cell lysis. This T. cruzi residence in the host is maintained by the successive infection of cells by blood trypomastigotes (Tyler & Engman, 2001). Differential gene expression occurs during the development of T. cruzi, mainly via post-transcriptional regulation of mRNAs (Teixeira, 1998; Haile & Papadopoulou, 2007).