We report our experience in the treatment of congenital BAVFs using detachable coils and Onyx liquid embolic agent.

Over the past 5 years, 15 patients with congenital BAVFs were treated endovascularly at our hospital using detachable coils and Onyx-34. All patients were clinically followed-up for 12-48 months. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records, cerebral angiograms, and endovascular reports for each patient.

There were 15 patients with a total of 16 BAVFs (six men and nine women, with a mean age ICG-001 in vitro of 29.4 years). The clinical presentations were

intracranial hemorrhage in six patients, headaches in four patients, and seizure in three patients, with two patients diagnosed incidentally. In all of the cases, transarterial microcatheterization was performed, 13 patients were treated with a combination of detachable coils and Onyx-34, and two with balloon-assisted coils and Onyx-34 embolization.

There was no significant morbidity or mortality. All BAVF-related symptoms resolved immediately or gradually on clinical follow-up. Immediate angiographic obliteration was achieved in all patients. The fistulas remained closed in all patients, as ascertained by follow-up angiograms. No new neurological deficits related to the procedure were detected.

In our experience, the endovascular treatment of BAVFs with combination of detachable coils and Onyx is feasible, safe, and effective. This technique affords more control in the see more Onyx injection and minimizes the risk of distal embolization.”
“Aim:

To select a toxin combination for the management Urease of maize stem borer (Chilo partellus) and to understand possible mechanism of synergism among Bacillus

thuringiensis Cry1A toxins tested.

Methods and Results:

Three Cry1A toxins were over expressed in Escherichia coli strain JM105 and used for diet overlay insect bioassay against C. partellus neonate larvae, both alone and in combinations. Probit analysis revealed that the three Cry1A toxins tested have synergistic effect against C. partellus larvae. In vitro binding analysis of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled Cry1A toxins to midgut brush border membrane vesicle (BBMV) shows that increase in toxicity is directly correlated to an increase in binding of toxin mix.

Conclusions:

A high Cry1Ac to Cry1Ab ratio leads to an increase in efficacy of these toxins towards C. partellus larvae and this increase in toxicity comes from an increase in toxin binding.

Significance and Impact of the Study:

Use of Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac combination could be an effective approach to control C. partellus. Furthermore, we show it first time that possible reason behind increase in toxicity of synergistic Cry1A proteins is an increase in toxin binding.”
“Direct carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is a direct communication between the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the cavernous sinus.