The intercalation of LFA (0.25, 0.5, and 1 wt %) in Cloisite (R) 93A was carried by varying the microwave irradiation time from 30 to 90 s. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that microwave irradiation
resulted in higher intercalation in a shorter reaction time. The basal spacings were shifted from 12.34 to 16.45 angstrom on microwave irradiation for 30 s while exfoliation occurred at and beyond 60 s exposure. Controlled morphology of the nanohybrids was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analysis on microwave irradiation for 30 s. This biomodified Cloisite (R) 93A could be used for the preparation of polyesters, poly-esteramides, and polyurethanes of controlled morphology for various applications in biomedicine. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. MI-503 manufacturer J Appl Polym Sci 121: 2317-2323, 2011″
“Purpose: To compare visualization of subtle normal and abnormal findings at computed tomography (CT) of the chest for diffuse lung disease with images reconstructed with filtered back projection and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) techniques.
Materials and Methods: In this HIPAA-compliant, institutional review board-approved study, 24 patients underwent 64-section multi-detector
row CT of the chest for evaluation of diffuse lung disease. Scanning parameters included a pitch of 0.984:1 and 120 kVp in thin-section mode, with 2496 views per rotation compared with 984 views Autophagy inhibitors library acquired for normal mode. The 0.625-mm-thick images were reconstructed with filtered back projection, ASIR, and ASIR high-definition (ASIR-HD) kernels. Two thoracic radiologists independently assessed the filtered back projection, ASIR, and ASIR-HD images for small anatomic details (interlobular septa, centrilobular region, and small bronchi and bronchioles), abnormal findings (reticulation, tiny nodules, altered attenuation, bronchiectasis), image quality (graded by using a six-point scale, where 1 = excellent image quality, and 5 = interpretation impossible), image noise, and artifacts. Data were tabulated for statistical testing.
Results:
For visualization of normal and pathologic structures, CT image series reconstructed with ASIR-HD were rated substantially better than those reconstructed with filtered back projection and ASIR (P selleck kinase inhibitor < .001). ASIR-HD images were superior to filtered back projection images in 15 of 24 (62%) patients for visualization of normal structures and in 24 of 24 (100%) patients for pathologic findings. ASIR-HD was superior to ASIR in three of 24 (12%) images for normal anatomic findings and in seven of 24 (29%) images for pathologic evaluation. None of the images in the three groups were rated as unacceptable for noise (P < .001).
Conclusion: ASIR-HD reconstruction results in superior visualization of subtle and tiny anatomic structures and lesions in diffuse lung disease compared with ASIR and filtered back projection reconstructions.