The same methodology of extraction was applied to cork, for comparative purposes. Eighteen phenolic compounds were identified in cork, five of them are reported for the first time as its constituents. Sixteen

and thirteen phenolic compounds were identified as cork powder and black condensate components, respectively, with only one compound of each residue published before as its constituent. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated, being, to our knowledge, the first study concerning the antioxidant activity of these cork residues. check details The extracts present an antioxidant activity higher than BHT, with black condensate showing the lowest IC50 value. These results, together with the phenolic content values, demonstrate the high potential of these residues

as source of high value compounds. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Introduction: Chemokines are important players in directing the migration of cancer cells as part of the metastatic process. The aim of this study is to develop an easy-to-perform, reliable, and inexpensive assay for rapid analysis of anti-chemotactic activity of chemokine antagonists under a number of experimental conditions. Methods: An agarose spot containing the chemokine chemoattractant is applied to a glass petri dish. P5091 cost Live cells in a media, both with and without a chemokine antagonist, are added to the dish this website and, following cell adhesion, the migration under the agarose spot is observed and analysed by microscopy. Results: In the absence of CXCL12 in the agarose, no migration under the agarose spot is detected. In the presence of CXCL12, significant migration under the agarose spot is observed which can be retarded if a neutralising monoclonal antibody or a small molecule antagonist is added to

the media. Discussion: This experimental configuration is a reliable, inexpensive and easy-to-perform chemotaxis assay, which enables assessment of the activity of CXCR4 antagonists. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Several versions of the 24-item Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) have been proposed; however, their responsiveness has not been extensively explored. The objective of this study was to compare the responsiveness of four versions of the RMDQ. Perceived disability was measured using the 24-item, two 18-item and an 11-item RMDQ on 1,069 low back pain patients from six randomised controlled trials. Responsiveness was calculated using effect size, Guyatt’s responsiveness index (GRI) and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Effect size analyses showed that both 18-item versions of the RMDQ were superior to the 24- and 11-item versions of the RMDQ. GRI showed that the 24- and 18-item versions of the RMDQ were similar but more responsive than the 11-item.